Characteristics of a music video

There is 7 characteristics of a music video and Andrew Goodwin published a book about them after studying music videos after many years.

1. 'There are often intertextual references- mostly to film, other music artists, television and popular culture' - a perfect example to this could be any of Eminem's songs as he refers to lots of different artists in his songs, like in We Made You he refers to Lindsey Lohan. Another example of this could also be Taylor Swift singing about Romeo and Juliet in her song Love Story.
2. 'There is frequent reference to the notion of looking' - this is where the artist will look into the camera during the music video. This will seem as they are directly singing to the audience. 
3. 'Music Videos demonstrate certain genre characteristics' - this is meaning that certain genres have the same aspects in their music videos. For example boybands and girlbands have a dance routine in their music video. A prime example of this would be any of JLS' music videos as they always seem to have a dance throughout the video. 
4. 'There is a link between the lyrics and the visuals' - this is the lyrics and the visual image linking together. 
5. 'The Demands of the record label will include the need for lots of closeups on the artist' - this is the record label selling the artist along with the record. Having a lot of close ups on the artist this makes you connect to the artist which will boost sales.
6. 'The Artist may develop iconography that recurs across their work' - this is where the artist will have their own thing that they use through out their music videos. Micheal Jacksons moonwalk is an example.
7. 'There is a link between the music and the visuals' - this could be where the cuts are in time with the music.